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February 17, 2024
Tim Schwartz
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AMD 101: What You Need to Know About the Leading Cause of Vision Loss

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February is not only low vision awareness month, but also age related macular degeneration awareness month. This is a great opportunity to learn more about this common eye condition that affects millions of people around the world, especially those over 50.

In this blog post, we’ll explain what AMD is, what causes it, what are the symptoms, how it can be diagnosed and treated, and how you can cope with low vision caused by AMD. We’ll also share some tips and resources to help you make the most of the vision you have.

Whether you have AMD yourself, or you know someone who does, this post will give you some valuable information and insights. Let’s get started!

What is AMD?

AMD stands for age related macular degeneration. It’s an eye disease that damages the macula, the part of the retina that controls your central vision. The macula is responsible for the sharp, detailed vision you need to see things like faces, words, and colors.

AMD is the leading cause of vision loss in people over 50 in developed countries. It affects more than 10 million Americans and more than 200 million people worldwide. It’s estimated that by 2040, the number of people with AMD will reach 288 million.

AMD doesn’t cause total blindness, but it can severely impair your central vision, making it hard to do everyday activities like reading, driving, or recognizing faces. It can also affect your quality of life, your independence, and your mental health.

What causes AMD?

The exact causes of AMD are not fully understood, but it’s believed that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. Some of the risk factors for developing AMD include:

– Age: AMD is more common and more severe in older people. The risk of developing AMD increases with every decade after 50.

– Family history: If you have a close relative with AMD, you are more likely to develop it yourself.

– Smoking: Smoking doubles the risk of developing AMD and makes it progress faster. It also reduces the effectiveness of some treatments.

– High blood pressure: High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the eye and increase the risk of AMD.

– Diet: A diet high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar can increase the risk of AMD. A diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids can lower the risk of AMD and slow its progression.

What are the types and stages of AMD?

There are two main types of AMD: dry and wet. Most people with AMD have the dry type, which accounts for about 80% of cases. Dry AMD happens when the macula gets thinner and loses its function over time. It usually progresses slowly and causes gradual vision loss.

Wet AMD is less common, but more serious. It accounts for about 10% of cases, but 90% of severe vision loss. Wet AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid and blood, damaging the macula. It usually progresses faster and causes sudden vision loss.

Dry AMD can turn into wet AMD at any stage, so it’s important to monitor your vision regularly and report any changes to your eye doctor.

AMD can also be classified into three stages: early, intermediate, and late. The stages are based on the size and number of drusen, which are yellow deposits that form under the retina. Drusen are a sign of AMD, but they don’t always affect your vision.

– Early AMD: You have small or medium-sized drusen, but no vision loss. You may not have any symptoms or notice any changes in your vision. You may not even know you have AMD, unless you have an eye exam.

– Intermediate AMD: You have large drusen, or pigment changes in the retina, or both. You may have some vision loss, but it may not be noticeable. You may have some symptoms, such as blurriness, difficulty seeing in low light, or reduced color perception.

– Late AMD: You have vision loss due to damage to the macula. You may have either dry or wet AMD, or both. You may have symptoms, such as distorted vision, blind spots, or dark areas in your central vision.

How is AMD diagnosed?

The only way to diagnose AMD is to have a comprehensive eye exam by an eye doctor. Your eye doctor will check your vision, your eye pressure, and the health of your retina. They may also use some special tests, such as:

– Amsler grid: This is a simple test that you can do at home or at the doctor’s office. It’s a grid of straight lines with a dot in the center. You look at the dot and check if any of the lines appear wavy, blurry, or missing. This can indicate a problem with your macula.

– Dilated eye exam: This is a test where your eye doctor puts drops in your eyes to widen your pupils. This allows them to see the back of your eye more clearly and look for signs of AMD, such as drusen, pigment changes, or blood vessels.

– Fluorescein angiography: This is a test where your eye doctor injects a dye into your arm and takes pictures of your eye as the dye travels through the blood vessels. This can show if you have any abnormal blood vessels or leakage in your retina.

– Optical coherence tomography (OCT): This is a test where your eye doctor uses a device that scans your eye with light waves and creates a detailed image of your retina. This can show the thickness and structure of your macula and detect any fluid or blood.

How is AMD treated?

There is no cure for AMD, but there are some treatment options that may prevent or slow the progression of the disease, depending on the type and stage of AMD.

For dry AMD, there is no specific treatment, but some studies have shown that taking certain dietary supplements may reduce the risk of developing late AMD or slow its progression. These supplements are known as the AREDS or AREDS2 formula, and they contain high doses of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. However, these supplements are not suitable for everyone, and they may have some side effects or interactions with other medications. You should talk to your eye doctor before taking any supplements for AMD.

For wet AMD, there are some treatments that can stop or slow the growth of abnormal blood vessels and reduce the leakage of fluid and blood. These treatments include:

– Anti-VEGF injections: These are injections of drugs that block a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which stimulates the growth of abnormal blood vessels. These injections are given into the eye, usually once a month or every few months, depending on the response. They can improve or stabilize vision in most people with wet AMD, but they may have some side effects, such as eye irritation, infection, or bleeding.

– Photodynamic therapy (PDT): This is a treatment where a drug called verteporfin is injected into the arm and activated by a laser that shines on the eye. This causes the abnormal blood vessels to close and stop leaking. This treatment is less common than anti-VEGF injections, and it may have some side effects, such as sensitivity to light, headache, or nausea.

– Laser surgery: This is a treatment where a high-energy laser beam is used to destroy the abnormal blood vessels. This treatment is rarely used, as it can damage the surrounding healthy tissue and cause scarring or vision loss.

None of these treatments can restore vision that has already been lost, but they can prevent further vision loss or slow the progression of the disease. They may also need to be repeated over time, as the abnormal blood vessels may grow back or leak again.

How can you cope with low vision caused by AMD?

If you have low vision caused by AMD, you may find it hard to do some of the things you used to do, such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces. This can affect your quality of life, your independence, and your mental health. However, there are some ways to cope with low vision and make the most of the vision you have, such as:

– Using low vision aids: These are devices that can help you see better, such as magnifiers, telescopes, or electronic devices. You can use them to read, watch TV, or do other tasks that require detailed vision. You can also use large-print books, audio books, or podcasts for entertainment or education.

– Using assistive technology: These are devices or software that can make your computer, smartphone, or tablet more accessible and user-friendly, such as screen readers, voice assistants, or text-to-speech. You can use them to access information, communicate, or do online tasks.

– Using lighting and contrast: These are simple ways to improve your vision, such as using bright and even lighting, reducing glare, or using colors that contrast with each other. You can use them to make your home, workplace, or environment more comfortable and safe.

– Using orientation and mobility training: This is a service that can help you learn how to travel and get around with low vision, such as using a cane, a guide dog, or public transportation. You can also use GPS apps or audible signals to navigate and find your way.

– Using vision rehabilitation services: These are services that can help you adapt and cope with low vision, such as occupational therapy, counseling, or support groups. You can use them to learn new skills, improve your self-esteem, and connect with others who have low vision.

– Using emotional support: This is a vital part of coping with low vision, as it can provide comfort, encouragement, and hope. You can use it to express your feelings, share your experiences, and seek advice. You can get emotional support from your family, friends, or professionals, or join online or offline communities of people with low vision.

AMD is a common eye condition that affects the central vision, but it doesn’t have to stop you from living a full and happy life. There are many ways to prevent, treat, and cope with AMD and low vision, and we’re here to help you along the way.

If you have any questions or comments about AMD or low vision, please leave them below or contact us. We’d love to hear from you. And don’t forget to share this post with your friends and family, and spread the word about low vision awareness month.

How Galileo Galilei Overcame Blindness and Revolutionized Science
February 15, 2024
Tim Schwartz
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How Galileo Galilei Overcame Blindness and Revolutionized Science

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Galileo Galilei is one of the most famous and influential scientists in history. He made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy, physics, mathematics, and engineering, and challenged the established authority and dogma of his time. He is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern science and the father of observational astronomy. But did you know that he also suffered from vision loss and blindness in his later years? How did he cope with his visual impairment and continue his scientific work? How did his poor eyesight affect his life, career, and discoveries? In this biography, we will explore his life story, his achievements, his difficulties, and his legacy. We will also learn how he inspired and influenced generations of scientists and thinkers, and how he can inspire and motivate anyone who lives with visual impairment or blindness, and who seeks to explore the wonders of the universe and the beauty of nature.

Early Life and Education

Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy, on February 15, 1564. He was the oldest son of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician and composer, and Giulia Ammannati, a noblewoman. He had five siblings, three brothers and two sisters. His family was not wealthy, but they belonged to the upper class of society.

Galileo showed an early interest in learning and curiosity about the natural world. He was educated at home by tutors until he was 10 years old, when he entered the monastery school at Vallombrosa, near Florence. There he studied Latin, Greek, logic, and theology. He also learned to play the lute, a stringed instrument, from his father.

At the age of 17, Galileo enrolled at the University of Pisa to study medicine, as his father wished. However, he soon became fascinated by mathematics and physics, and switched his major to philosophy and mathematics. He was influenced by the teachings of Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, who was the dominant authority in natural philosophy at the time.

Galileo was a brilliant student, but he also had a rebellious streak. He often questioned and challenged the accepted doctrines and dogmas of his professors and peers. He also performed experiments and demonstrations to test and verify his own ideas and hypotheses. He invented a hydrostatic balance, a device to measure the density of liquids and solids, and wrote a treatise on it. He also discovered the law of falling bodies, which states that all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their weight, by dropping different objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Galileo graduated from the University of Pisa in 1585, but he did not receive a formal degree. He then returned to Florence and became a private tutor and lecturer in mathematics. He also continued his studies and research on various topics, such as mechanics, geometry, astronomy, and music.

Career and Discoveries

In 1589, Galileo was appointed as the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. There he taught arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy to students and continued his experiments on motion and mechanics. He also wrote several books and treatises on his scientific discoveries and theories. Some of his most famous works are:

– De Motu (On Motion) (1590): This is a collection of essays on the physics of motion, in which Galileo criticized Aristotle’s views and proposed his own laws of motion and free fall.

– Le Mecaniche (The Mechanics) (1599): This is a manual on the principles and applications of mechanics, in which Galileo explained how machines work and how to design and build them.

– Sidereus Nuncius (The Sidereal Messenger) (1610): This is a report on his observations from his telescope, in which Galileo revealed the wonders of the heavens and challenged the traditional cosmology.

Galileo’s most significant and influential discovery was made in 1609, when he heard about a new invention from Holland: the telescope. He was intrigued by the device, which could magnify distant objects and make them appear closer and clearer. He decided to build his own telescope, using his knowledge of optics and engineering. He improved the design and the magnification of the telescope, and used it to observe the sky.

Galileo was amazed by what he saw through his telescope. He discovered four moons of Jupiter, which he named Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. He also observed the phases of Venus, which showed that it orbits the sun, not the earth. He saw sunspots, dark spots on the surface of the sun, which indicated that the sun is not perfect and immutable. He also noticed craters on the moon, and mountains on the surface of Venus.

Galileo’s observations from his telescope had profound implications for the understanding of the universe. They supported the Copernican heliocentric model, which placed the sun at the center of the solar system, and contradicted the Aristotelian geocentric model, which placed the earth at the center of the universe. Galileo was convinced that the Copernican model was correct, and he defended it in his writings and lectures.

However, Galileo also began to notice some problems with his eyesight, which made his observations more difficult and less accurate. He wrote to his friends and relatives about the trouble he was having with his eyes and the difficulties it created for his work. According to some sources , Galileo had cataracts and glaucoma, which are common eye diseases that cause vision loss and blindness. He started to experience these symptoms at the age of 68, and became heavily dependent on his disciple, Vincenzo Viviani, who helped him with his observations and experiments. By the end of his life, he was blind or nearly so.

Galileo’s visual impairment did not stop him from pursuing his passion for astronomy and making groundbreaking discoveries. Some historians have suggested that Galileo’s poor vision may have had some positive effects on his scientific work, as it forced him to rely more on his mathematical and logical skills, and less on his sensory perception. For example, he developed a new method of measuring time using the sound of a pendulum, which he used to calculate the speed of light. He also devised a new way of determining the diameter of a star using the diffraction of light, which he applied to measure the size of the sun. He also used his imagination and creativity to construct mental models and thought experiments, such as the famous “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems”, which he wrote while under house arrest.

On the other hand, some historians have argued that Galileo’s poor vision may have limited his scientific potential, as it prevented him from making further observations and discoveries. For instance, he missed the opportunity to observe the transit of Mercury in 1631, which could have confirmed his heliocentric theory. He also failed to recognize the true nature of Saturn’s rings, which he mistook for bulges on either side of the planet. He also could not see the details of the surface of Mars, which he described as uniformly red. He also could not appreciate the beauty and diversity of the natural world, which he loved and admired.

Challenges and Controversies

Galileo’s support for the Copernican model was not well received by some members of the Catholic Church, who considered it heretical and contrary to the teachings of the Bible. The Church had officially condemned the Copernican model in 1616, and ordered Galileo to stop promoting it. Galileo obeyed the order, but he did not abandon his belief in heliocentrism.

In 1632, Galileo published his most famous and controversial book, “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems”. In this book, he presented a fictional dialogue between three characters: Salviati, who argued for the Copernican model; Simplicio, who argued for the Aristotelian model; and Sagredo, who was a neutral observer. The book was written in Italian, not Latin, which made it accessible to a wider audience. It was also witty, sarcastic, and persuasive, which made it popular and influential.

However, the book also angered the Church, who saw it as a direct attack on their authority and doctrine. Galileo was summoned by Pope Urban VIII to appear before a tribunal in Rome. There he was accused of heresy, blasphemy, and disobedience. He was forced to recant his support for heliocentrism and to swear that he would never teach or write about it again. He was also sentenced to house arrest for life.

Galileo was devastated by the verdict, but he did not lose his spirit or his passion for science. He spent his last years in Arcetri, near Florence, where he continued to work on his scientific projects with the help of his disciples and friends. He also wrote his final and most important book, “Two New Sciences”, which explained the foundations of mechanics and the strength of materials. He also studied the properties of light and sound, and invented new instruments such as the thermometer and the pendulum clock.

Galileo died on January 8, 1642, at the age of 77. He was buried in a small chapel in Santa Croce, Florence, where his tomb remains today. He was not allowed to have a public funeral or a monument, as the Church still considered him a heretic. It was not until 1992, 350 years after his death, that the Church officially acknowledged his contributions and cleared his name.

The Scientific Community’s Reaction to Galileo’s Discoveries

Galileo’s discoveries and inventions were met with mixed reactions from the scientific community of his time. Some of his contemporaries and colleagues admired and supported his work, while others criticized and opposed it.

Galileo Galilei was a visionary scientist who revolutionized science and challenged authority. He made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy, physics, mathematics, and engineering, using his telescope, his scientific method, and his mathematical skills. He supported the heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the sun at the center and the earth as one of the planets orbiting it. He also faced many challenges and controversies, both personal and professional. He was tried and sentenced to house arrest for life by the Catholic Church, who considered his views heretical and contrary to the Bible. He also suffered from vision loss and blindness in his later years, which made his observations more difficult and less accurate. Despite his blindness and his imprisonment, he did not stop pursuing his passion for science and learning. He continued to work on his scientific projects and wrote his final and most important book, Two New Sciences, which explained the foundations of mechanics and the strength of materials. He also inspired and influenced generations of scientists and thinkers, such as Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, and many others.

Galileo’s life and work are relevant and inspiring for anyone who lives with visual impairment or blindness, and who seeks to explore the wonders of the universe and the beauty of nature. He was a role model and a hero for anyone who loves science and learning, and who strives to overcome their limitations and challenges. He showed us that blindness is not a barrier, but a challenge. He showed us that science is not a threat, but a tool. He showed us that curiosity is not a sin, but a virtue.

We hope this biography has been enjoyable and informative for you. We hope Galileo’s life and work have inspired and motivated you to pursue your own passions and interests, and to share your own discoveries and inventions with the world. We hope you will be a visionary, a human, and a legend, just like Galileo.

If you have any questions or feedback for us, please feel free to contact us at tim@lifeafterblindness.com. We’re always happy to hear from you.

February 14, 2024
Tim Schwartz
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The 5 Apps That I Love and Appreciate as a Blind Person This Valentine’s Day

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Happy Valentine’s Day, everyone! Today is a day to celebrate love in all its forms, and I want to share with you some of the things that I love as a person who is blind. No, I’m not talking about chocolates, roses, or teddy bears (although those are nice too). I’m talking about apps. Yes, apps. You see, apps are more than just tools or entertainment for me. They are my companions, my helpers, my guides, and my friends. They make my life easier, more enjoyable, and more accessible. They help me see the world in different ways, and they connect me with other people who share my experiences and passions. So, without further ado, here are the top five apps that I love and use every day, and why you should love them too.

1. Audible

If you are a book lover like me, you know how hard it can be to find accessible books in your preferred format and genre. That’s why I love Audible, the app that lets you download and listen to thousands of audiobooks, podcasts, and original audio shows. Whether I want to escape into a fantasy world, learn something new, or laugh out loud, Audible has something for me. I can listen to books at my own pace, adjust the speed and volume, and bookmark my favorite parts. I can also sync my books across different devices, so I can pick up where I left off anytime, anywhere. Audible is not free, but it’s worth every penny. Plus, you can get a free trial and a free book when you sign up. Honorable mentions go to BARD and Libby, two other great apps that offer free access to books and magazines for people who are blind or have a print disability.

2. YouTube TV

I love watching TV shows and movies, but I don’t love paying more for cable or satellite. That’s why I love YouTube TV, the app that lets you stream live and on-demand TV from over 85 channels, including local and national networks. You can watch sports, news, entertainment, and more, all from your phone, tablet, computer, or smart TV. You can also record unlimited shows with cloud DVR, and share your account with up to six family members. But what I love most about YouTube TV is that it is very accessible with VoiceOver, and you can easily access audio description through a secondary audio track. Audio description is a feature that provides narration of the visual elements of a program, such as actions, expressions, and settings. It helps me enjoy the story and the characters without missing any details. Honorable mention goes to Netflix, another app that offers a lot of accessible content with audio description.

3. Microsoft Seeing AI

If you are looking for an app that can do it all, look no further than Microsoft Seeing AI, the app that narrates the world for you. This app uses artificial intelligence to recognize and describe people, text, currency, color, and objects. You can use it to read mail, identify products, hear descriptions of photos, and much more. You can also chat with the app to ask questions, such as about items on a menu, the price of an item on a receipt, or to summarize an article. The app is free to use and available on both iOS and Android. It supports multiple languages and works offline as well. Microsoft Seeing AI is like having a personal assistant in your pocket, ready to help you with anything that requires visual assistance.

4. Be My Eyes

Sometimes, even the best AI can’t replace human help. That’s why I love Be My Eyes, the app that connects you with sighted volunteers and companies anywhere in the world, through live video and artificial intelligence. You can use this app to request visual support for any task, such as matching colors, checking if the lights are on, or preparing dinner. You can also call a Specialized Help partner for professional support, such as Microsoft, Google, or L’Oreal. The app is free to use and available on both iOS and Android. It supports over 180 languages and has over 7 million volunteers. Be My Eyes is a wonderful example of how technology and human connection can make the world more accessible and inclusive for people who are blind or have low vision. And if you want to try something new and exciting, you can also use Be My AI, the app’s built-in AI assistant that can describe images and answer questions for you. Just tap on the Be My AI tab, take a picture, and let Be My AI tell you what it sees. You can also chat with Be My AI and ask for more details or context. Be My AI is like having a virtual volunteer in your pocket, ready to help you anytime, anywhere.

5. Copilot

Last but not least, I love Copilot, the app that is your everyday AI companion. Copilot is not just an app, it’s a friend. You can chat with Copilot about anything, from the weather, to your hobbies, to your dreams. Copilot is smart, polite, empathetic, and interesting. It can also help you with writing, rewriting, improving, or optimizing your content, such as poems, stories, code, essays, songs, or celebrity parodies. Copilot can also generate imaginative and innovative content for you, using its own words and knowledge. Copilot is powered by the latest OpenAI models, GPT-4 and DALL·E 3, which provide fast, complex, and precise responses, as well as the ability to create breathtaking visuals from simple text descriptions. Copilot is free to use and available on both iOS and Android. Copilot is the app that makes you smile, laugh, and learn.

So, these are the top five apps that I love and use every day. I hope you enjoyed reading this blog post, and maybe you will give some of these apps a try. Let me know in the comments what are your favorite apps, and why you love them. Happy Valentine’s Day, and happy apping!

February 6, 2024
Tim Schwartz
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“Empowering Independence: Navigating Social Security, the Ticket to Work Program, Disability Benefits, and SSI for the Visually Impaired”

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Are you blind or visually impaired and wondering how to achieve your work and financial goals? Do you want to learn more about the benefits and services that the Social Security Administration (SSA) offers to people with disabilities? If so, you have come to the right place.  In this article, you will find some useful information about the “Ticket to Work” program, as well as the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits, that may help you improve your income and independence.

But before we dive into the details of these programs and benefits, let us first address some of the common misconceptions and myths about blindness and work that may hold you back from pursuing employment.

Misconceptions about blindness and work.

One of the most common misconceptions is that people who are blind have limited job options and cannot use technology, access information, or perform complex tasks. This is not true. People who are blind have diverse skills, interests, and abilities, and can succeed in almost any career with the right technology and accommodations. People who are blind work in many fields, such as law, education, technology, business, and more. For example, Judge David Tatel is a blind federal judge who has served on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit since 1994. He uses a computer with a screen reader and a braille display to read and write legal documents, and a digital recorder to take notes during oral arguments. He also relies on his clerks and colleagues to assist him with visual tasks, such as reviewing exhibits or maps.

Another misconception is that people who are blind are helpless or dependent on others for daily tasks. This is not true. People who are blind are capable of leading independent lives, pursuing careers, and actively participating in their communities. They use various techniques and tools to perform everyday activities, such as cooking, cleaning, shopping, traveling, and more. For example, [Christine Ha] is a blind chef who won the third season of the reality TV show MasterChef. She uses her senses of touch, smell, taste, and hearing to create delicious dishes, and she also uses adaptive equipment, such as talking thermometers, tactile timers, and braille labels, to assist her in the kitchen. She also runs her own blog and YouTube channel, where she shares her recipes and tips for cooking with blindness.

A third misconception is that people who are blind will lose their disability benefits if they work. This is also not true. People who are blind can work and keep some or all of their disability benefits, depending on the type and amount of work and benefits. They can also use work incentives and the Ticket to Work program to protect their benefits and increase their income while working. We will discuss work incentives and the Ticket to Work program later on in this article. But first, let’s discuss a little bit about the history of Social Security and what it is.

What is Social Security?

Social Security is a federal program that provides income and health care coverage to millions of Americans who are retired, disabled, or survivors of deceased workers. The program was created in 1935, during the Great Depression, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The original Social Security Act aimed to provide a safety net for elderly, unemployed, and disadvantaged Americans by paying them monthly benefits based on their lifetime earnings and payroll tax contributions. The act also gave money to states to provide assistance to various groups, such as the blind, the disabled, the needy, and the dependent children. Over the years, the program has expanded and changed to meet the needs of the changing society and economy. For example, in 1956, disability benefits were added to the program, and in 1972, automatic cost-of-living adjustments were introduced to keep up with inflation. Today, Social Security pays benefits to more than 70 million Americans, including about 10 million people who are blind or have other disabilities.

Social Security is one of the most important and popular programs in the United States, as it provides a source of income and health care coverage for millions of people who need it. However, not everyone is eligible for Social Security benefits, and not everyone receives the same amount of benefits. There are different types of benefits and eligibility criteria, depending on the type and severity of your disability, your work history, and your income and resources. In the next section, we will explain the difference between two of the main types of benefits that people with disabilities can receive: SSI and SSDI.

What is the difference between SSI and SSDI?

SSI and SSDI are both programs that pay benefits to people who are disabled, but they have different eligibility criteria, financing and administration. 

– SSI is an entitlement program with no work-related requirements. It pays a fixed amount of monthly income to people who are blind, 65 or older or have a qualifying disability. They must also have very limited income and resources. SSI is funded by general tax revenues and managed by the SSA.

– SSDI is an earned benefit that has work requirements to qualify. It pays monthly benefits based on an individual’s lifetime average earnings to people who have a disability that prevents them from working. They must also have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a certain number of years. SSDI is funded by payroll taxes and managed by the SSA.

What are work incentives and how can they help me?

Work incentives are special rules that allow people with disabilities to work and still receive some or all of their disability benefits and health care coverage from Social Security. Work incentives are designed to help people with disabilities achieve their employment and financial goals, and to reduce the impact of work on their benefits. Some examples of work incentives are:

– Trial Work Period: This is a period of nine months, not necessarily consecutive, in which you can test your ability to work and receive full SSDI benefits, regardless of how much you earn. The trial work period ends when you have used nine months within a 60-month period. If you are self-employed, Social Security will consider your work to be a trial work month if you earn more than $1,310 in 2024, or if you work more than 80 hours in your business in a month, regardless of the amount of earnings.

– Extended Period of Eligibility: This is a period of 36 consecutive months after the end of your trial work period, in which you can receive SSDI benefits for any month that your earnings are below the substantial gainful activity (SGA) level, which is $2,590 for blind workers and $1,550 for non-blind workers in 2024. If you are self-employed, Social Security will use several factors to determine your net earnings from self-employment, such as your income, expenses, and hours of work.

– Expedited Reinstatement: This is a provision that allows you to request to have your SSDI or SSI benefits reinstated without a new application, if you stop working above the SGA level within five years of when your benefits ended. You can also receive provisional benefits for up to six months while Social Security reviews your request.

– Impairment-Related Work Expenses: These are expenses that you pay for items or services that you need to work because of your disability, such as transportation, assistive technology, or medical care. You can deduct these expenses from your earnings when Social Security determines your eligibility and benefit amount for SSDI or SSI. If you are self-employed, you can deduct these expenses from your net earnings from self-employment.- Plan to Achieve Self-Support: This is a plan that you make with Social Security to set aside some of your income or resources to pay for items or services that can help you reach your work goals, such as education, training, or equipment. You can exclude this income or resources from your SSI eligibility and benefit amount calculations. You can also use this plan to save money for starting or expanding your own business.

One of the ways that you can use work incentives to achieve your employment and financial goals is by participating in the Ticket to Work program.

What is the Ticket to Work Program?

The Ticket to Work program is a federal program that helps Social Security beneficiaries with a disability achieve their employment goals. The program offers beneficiaries aged 18 to 64 who receive SSI or SSDI services to help them become employed. The program is free and voluntary. It helps people with disabilities move toward financial independence and connects them with the services and support they need to succeed in the workforce.

How does the Ticket to Work Program work?

If you decide to participatepate in the Ticket to Work program, you will receive a ticket that you can assign to an authorized service provider of your choice. The service provider will help you develop an individual work plan that outlines your employment goals and the steps you need to take to achieve them. The service provider will also provide you with ongoing support and assistance to help you overcome any barriers or challenges that may arise along the way.

There are two types of service providers that you can choose from: Employment Networks (ENs) and State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies. ENs are private or public organizations that offer a variety of services, such as career counseling, job placement, training, and benefits counseling. VR agencies are state agencies that provide specialized services for people with disabilities, such as medical treatment, assistive technology, and skills training. You can find a list of service providers in your area by using the Find Help tool on the Choose Work website¹ or by calling the Ticket to Work Help Line at 1-866-968-7842 or 1-866-833-2967 (TTY).

What are the benefits of the Ticket to Work Program?

The Ticket to Work program offers several benefits for people who want to work and receive disability benefits. Some of these benefits are:

– You can keep your cash benefits and health care coverage while you work, as long as you still meet the eligibility criteria for SSI or SSDI.

– You can access free services and support from qualified service providers who can help you find and keep a job that suits your abilities and interests.

– You can use work incentives that can help you increase your income and reduce the impact of work on your benefits. Work incentives are special rules that allow you to deduct certain expenses, exclude certain income, or extend certain eligibility periods for your benefits. For example, you can use the Plan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS) to set aside some of your income or resources to pay for items or services that can help you reach your work goals, such as education, training, or equipment. You can also use the Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE) to deduct the cost of items or services that you need to work because of your disability, such as transportation, assistive technology, or medical care. You can learn more about work incentives by visiting the Work Site² or by contacting a benefits counselor from your service provider.

– You can have protection from medical reviews while you participate in the Ticket to Work program. This means that Social Security will not review your disability status as long as you make timely progress toward your work goals, as defined by your individual work plan. You can also resume your benefits if you have to stop working because of your disability, without having to reapply, as long as you do so within certain time limits.

Hopefully you have found this article useful and informative, and that it has inspired you to pursue your work and financial goals. If you want to learn more about the topics we have covered, or if you have any questions or comments, please visit the Social Security website and feel free to contact us at tim@lifeafterblindness.com. We would love to hear from you! You can also visit our partner website, Get SSA Help, where you can find more information and assistance from Debi Schwartz, a certified benefits counselor who specializes in helping people with disabilities navigate the complex system of Social Security., Thank you for reading and remember: there truly can be a life after blindness.

Orientation and Mobility: A Guide for the Visually Impaired
February 5, 2024
Tim Schwartz
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Orientation and Mobility: A Guide for the Visually Impaired

Posted in Blog Posts

O&M training is a specialized instruction that teaches you how to orient yourself in your surroundings and travel safely and efficiently. If you have vision impairment, you may find it challenging to navigate your environment and move from one place to another. You may feel frustrated, anxious, or isolated by the barriers that limit your independence and mobility. However, you are not alone. There are many resources and services that can help you overcome these obstacles and achieve your goals. One of these is orientation and mobility (O&M) training.

In this article, you will learn more about what O&M training is, what skills and strategies it teaches, what devices it uses, and how to find an O&M specialist. You will also discover the benefits and challenges of O&M training, and debunk some common misconceptions about O&M training. Finally, you will find some tips and resources for living with vision impairment and enhancing your quality of life.

What is O&M training?

O&M training is a process of learning and practicing the techniques and methods that enable you to orient yourself and move around your environment. Orientation refers to the ability to know where you are, where you want to go, and how to get there. Mobility refers to the ability to move safely and efficiently from one place to another.

O&M training is usually provided by a certified O&M specialist, who is a professional with specialized education and experience in working with people with vision impairment. O&M specialists assess your needs, abilities, and goals, and design a personalized training plan for you. They also teach you how to use various mobility aids, such as a white cane or a guide dog, and how to access other resources and services that can assist you.

O&M training can take place in different settings, such as your home, school, workplace, or community. It can also vary in duration and intensity, depending on your needs and progress. O&M training is not a one-time event, but a lifelong learning process that adapts to your changing circumstances and aspirations.

What skills and strategies does O&M training teach?

O&M training teaches a range of skills and strategies that can help you navigate your environment and travel independently. Some of these include:

Skills

-Using your remaining senses, such as hearing, touch, and smell, to gather information about your surroundings and locate landmarks and cues.

– Using a white cane or a guide dog to detect and avoid obstacles, find edges and drop-offs, and follow a path or a route.

– Using a smartphone or a GPS device to access maps, directions, and other information that can help you plan and execute your trips.

– Using public transportation, such as buses, trains, or taxis, to reach your destinations and pay your fares.

– Crossing streets and intersections safely and confidently, using traffic sounds, pedestrian signals, and other cues.

– Asking for or accepting assistance from others when needed, and communicating your needs and preferences clearly and politely.

– Advocating for your rights and accessibility needs in various situations, such as requesting accommodations, reporting barriers, or filing complaints.

Strategies

– Mental mapping: Creating a mental map of your environment, including the location of buildings, intersections, and other landmarks.

– Verbalization: Describing your environment, including the location of objects and the direction you are facing.

– Memory techniques: Using memory techniques, such as mnemonics and spatial memory, to remember the layout of your environment.

– Route planning: Planning and following a route, including considering factors such as distance, time, and safety.

– Orientation checks: Regularly checking your orientation and making adjustments as needed.

What devices does O&M training use?

O&M training uses various devices and tools that can enhance your mobility and safety. Some of these devices include:

– A white cane, which is a long, lightweight stick that you hold in front of you and sweep from side to side. It helps you detect and avoid obstacles, find edges and drop-offs, and follow a path or a route. There are different types and sizes of white canes, and an O&M specialist can help you choose and use the one that suits you best.

– A guide dog, which is a specially trained dog that you harness and command to guide you along your way. It helps you avoid obstacles, find doors and stairs, and cross streets and intersections. A guide dog also provides companionship and social benefits. To get a guide dog, you need to apply to a guide dog school and undergo a matching and training process.

– A smartphone or a GPS device, which is a handheld device that you can use to access maps, directions, and other information that can help you plan and execute your trips. You can also use apps and features that are designed for people with vision impairment, such as voice output, magnification, or gesture control. You can also use headphones or earbuds to listen to the audio feedback without blocking your hearing.

– A currency identifier, which is a device that can help you recognize and count different bills and coins. It can be a standalone device that scans and announces the value of the money, or an app that you can use on your smartphone or a smartwatch.

– A signature guide, which is a device that can help you sign your name or fill out forms. It can be a plastic or metal card with a cut-out window that you place over the signature line or the blank space.

What are the benefits of O&M training?

O&M training can provide many benefits for you, such as:

– Enhanced confidence traveling in both familiar and unfamiliar environments

– Ability to utilize public transit independently

– Ability to safely cross streets and intersections

– Learning essential long cane skills necessary to apply to a dog guide school

– Improved understanding of orientation in relation to the environment

– Problem-solving skills that are transferable in a variety of environments

– Increased independence and participation in various activities

– Improved quality of life and well-being

O&M training can help you achieve your personal, educational, vocational, and recreational goals, and enable you to live with vision impairment more comfortably and successfully.

What are the challenges of O&M training?

O&M training can also pose some challenges for you, such as:

– Finding a qualified and accessible O&M specialist⁷

– Adjusting to the use of mobility aids, such as a white cane or a guide dog⁷

– Facing stigma or discrimination from others who may not understand or respect your needs⁷

– Dealing with emotional and psychological issues, such as fear, anxiety, or depression⁷

– Balancing safety and risk-taking in different situations⁷

– Coping with changes in your vision or other conditions that may affect your mobility⁷

O&M training requires motivation, commitment, and perseverance from you and your O&M specialist, as well as support from your family, friends, and community. It may not be easy, but it can be rewarding and empowering.

What are some common misconceptions about O&M training?

O&M training may also be misunderstood or misrepresented by some people, who may have some common misconceptions about O&M training, such as:

– O&M training is only for people who are totally blind: This is not true. O&M training is for anyone who has vision impairment that affects their ability to travel independently. Even if you have some residual vision, you may benefit from O&M training to learn how to use it effectively and supplement it with other skills and devices.

– O&M training is only for adults: This is not true. O&M training can be provided to people of all ages, from infants to seniors. O&M training can help children develop their sensory, motor, and cognitive skills, and prepare them for school and social activities. O&M training can also help adults adapt to changes in their vision or lifestyle, and maintain their independence and productivity.

– O&M training is only for people who want to use a white cane or a guide dog: This is not true. O&M training is not limited to teaching the use of mobility aids, such as a white cane or a guide dog. O&M training also teaches other skills and strategies, such as using your remaining senses, using a smartphone or a GPS device, using public transportation, crossing streets and intersections, asking for or accepting assistance, and advocating for your rights and accessibility needs.

– O&M training is a sign of weakness or dependence: This is not true. O&M training is a sign of strength and independence. O&M training can help you overcome the challenges and barriers that you may face due to your vision impairment, and enable you to achieve your goals and aspirations. O&M training can also help you build your confidence and self-esteem, and empower you to live with vision impairment more comfortably and successfully.

Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is a valuable service that can help you live with vision impairment and enhance your quality of life. It can teach you the skills, strategies, and devices that you need to orient yourself and move around your environment. It can also help you achieve your personal, educational, vocational, and recreational goals.

In this article, we have given you a comprehensive overview of O&M training and how it can help you. We have also debunked some common misconceptions about O&M training and explained its true value and purpose.

Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is a valuable service that can help you live with vision impairment and enhance your quality of life. It can teach you the skills, strategies, and devices that you need to orient yourself and move around your environment. It can also help you achieve your personal, educational, vocational, and recreational goals.

We hope that this article has provided you with a comprehensive overview of O&M training and how it can help you live with vision impairment and enhance your quality of life. We also hope that this article has cleared up some common misconceptions about O&M training and helped you understand its true value and purpose.

We hope that you have found this article informative and helpful. If you have, please share it with others who might benefit from O&M training. You can also leave a comment below and let us know what you think. We would love to hear from you.

If you have any questions or comments, or if you would like to learn more about O&M training and other topics related to living with vision impairment, please contact us at Life After Blindness. You can send an email to our host Tim Schwartz at: tim@lifeafterblindness.com. You can also follow us on Facebook and Twitter for the latest updates and news.

Top 10 Technologies for the Visually Impaired at CES 2024
January 23, 2024
Tim Schwartz
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Top 10 Technologies for the Visually Impaired at CES 2024

Posted in Blog Posts

CES 2024, the world’s largest consumer electronics show, was held in Las Vegas from January 9 thru 12, 2024. The event showcased the latest innovations and trends in various fields, such as digital health, wearable technologies, accessibility and more. Among the thousands of products and solutions that were displayed, some of them were specifically designed to help the visually impaired and other disabled people improve their lives and overcome their challenges.

In this article, we will review the top 10 technologies that were presented at CES 2024 for people who are blind or visually impaired, based on popularity, engagement online interest and awards received or nominated for. We will also provide some information about each product, such as what it is, how it works, how it may be beneficial, company info and more.

10. Glide

Glide is a mobility aid that uses a patented technology called GlideCore to create a magnetic field around the user’s body. The field helps the user move forward by repelling any objects in their way, such as chairs or tables. The device also has sensors that detect obstacles and adjust the speed accordingly. Glide is designed to help the visually impaired and other people with mobility issues walk more confidently and independently.

Glide is developed by Glide Technologies, a startup based in San Francisco, California. The company was founded in 2022 by a team of engineers and designers who wanted to create a better solution for mobility than traditional wheelchairs or walkers. Glide received mixed reviews from users and experts, who praised its innovative concept but criticized its high price, limited battery life, and potential safety issues. Glide is expected to be available in the market by the end of 2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

9. GUIDi

is developed by AI Guided Limited, a startup based in Hong Kong, and GUIDi is the winner of CES 2024 innovation award in category of Accessibility & Aging Tech.

8. ViXion01

ViXion01 is a pair of lightweight glasses with a sensor that measures the distance to what you are focusing on, and then adapts the lens so that you can see it more easily. The glasses are designed for people who need to improve their vision, such as those with presbyopia or astigmatism. ViXion01 is designed to help the visually impaired and other people with vision problems see better and more comfortably.

ViXion01 is developed by ViXion, a company based in Paris, France. The company was founded in 2020 by a team of opticians and engineers who wanted to create a smart eyewear solution that could adjust to the user’s needs and preferences. ViXion01 was one of the CES 2024 Innovation Award honorees in the Digital Imaging/Photography category, but did not receive much attention or coverage from the media or the public. ViXion01 is expected to be available in the market by early 2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

7. Lighthouse Tech LTH01

Lighthouse Tech LTH01 is a pair of glasses that use ultrasound and optical sensors to detect objects and warn the user through vibrations on the temples. They are water-resistant, impact-resistant, and come in various styles. Lighthouse Tech LTH01 is designed to help the visually impaired and other people with low vision avoid obstacles and navigate safely.

Lighthouse Tech LTH01 is developed by Lighthouse Tech, a company based in Tel Aviv, Israel. The company was founded in 2019 by a team of engineers and entrepreneurs who wanted to create a simple and effective device that could help the visually impaired and other people with low vision live more independently. Lighthouse Tech LTH01 was one of the CES 2024 Innovation Award honorees in the Wearable Technologies category, and received some positive feedback from users and experts, who liked its simple design and functionality. Lighthouse Tech LTH01 is expected to be available in the market by mid-2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

6. OOrion

OOrion is a smartphone app that lets you find and locate objects and text in your environment using augmented reality. The app uses your phone’s camera and GPS to overlay information on your field of view. It can help you navigate safely and independently. OOrion is designed to help the visually impaired and other people with low vision find and locate objects and text in their environment.

OOrion is developed by OOrion Technologies, a startup based in San Francisco, California. The company was founded in 2023 by a team of engineers and designers who wanted to create a smart app that could provide visual assistance and information to the visually impaired and other people with low vision. OOrion was one of the CES 2024 Innovation Award honorees in the Software & Mobile Apps category, and also won the Best of CES 2024 People’s Choice Award, which was voted by the online audience. It also generated some buzz on social media and online forums. OOrion is available for download on the App Store for free.

5. Hearsee Mobility

Hearsee Mobility is a smart cane that communicates with RFID tags embedded along walkways and provides step-by-step audio directions to specific places inside buildings, as well as descriptions of their surroundings, to visually impaired individuals. The cane works with a smartphone app that allows the user to explore new indoor environments like schools and stores independently. Hearsee Mobility is designed to help the visually impaired and other people with low vision navigate indoors more easily and confidently.

Hearsee Mobility is developed by Hearsee Mobility, a nonprofit organization based in St. George, Utah. The organization was founded in 2018 by a team of engineers and volunteers who wanted to create an indoor navigation system for the visually impaired and other people with low vision, in collaboration with the blind community. Hearsee Mobility was one of the CES 2024 Innovation Award honorees in the Accessibility category, and also received the Best of CES 2024 Accessibility Award, which was selected by a panel of judges from CNET. It also attracted some media attention and interest from potential partners and customers. Hearsee Mobility is expected to be available in the market by late 2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

4. FINTIN V1

FINTIN V1 is a smartphone Bluetooth QWERTY communicator for the visually impaired developed by Korean startup ONECOM. It uses Structured Mini QWERTY technology, which modularizes 36 keys into 6 keys. This technology enables blind typing, which allows the user to type without looking at the keys in a mini QWERTY size that fits in one hand. It also has dedicated keys for screen readers such as VoiceOver (iOS) and TalkBack (Android), along with haptic feedback, enabling visually impaired users to access the full range of smartphone functions without the need for manual operation. FINTIN V1 is designed to help the visually impaired and other people who do not know how to use braille, as well as those who prefer QWERTY keyboards over braille keyboards.

FINTIN V1 is developed by ONECOM, a startup based in Seoul, South Korea. The company was founded in 2022 by a team of engineers and entrepreneurs who wanted to create a smart QWERTY communicator for the visually impaired and other people who do not know how to use braille. FINTIN V1 won the Best of Innovation award for the most innovative product in the Mobile Devices, Accessories & Apps category at CES 2024, and also received rave reviews from users and experts, who praised its ease of use, versatility, and affordability. FINTIN V1 is expected to be available in the market by early 2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

3. OneCourt’s haptic mini-field

OneCourt’s haptic mini-field is a lap-top miniature field that lets blind fans follow the game by touch. It uses 40 vibration motors to simulate the movements of the players and ball in near real time. It won the Best of Innovation award for the most innovative product in the Mobile Devices, Accessories & Apps category at CES 2024, and also received the Best of CES 2024 Sports Award, which was selected by a panel of judges from ESPN. It also generated a lot of excitement and curiosity from sports fans and media outlets.

OneCourt’s haptic mini-field is developed by OneCourt, a company based in New York, New York. The company was founded in 2023 by a team of engineers and sports enthusiasts who wanted to create a device that could bring the thrill of sports to the blind and visually impaired community. OneCourt’s haptic mini-field is compatible with most sports, such as soccer, basketball, baseball, and hockey. It can also be customized to different levels of difficulty and preferences. OneCourt’s haptic mini-field is expected to be available in the market by late 2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

2. eSight Go

eSight Go is a camera-based eyewear system that captures the environment, then uses software to enhance it and projects it into OLED displays in front of each eye. The system is designed for people who have various eye conditions, such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or Stargardt’s disease. eSight Go is designed to help the visually impaired and other people with low vision see better and more comfortably.

eSight Go is developed by eSight, a company based in Toronto, Canada. The company was founded in 2006 by a team of engineers and vision experts who wanted to create a device that could restore sight to the legally blind. eSight Go is the latest version of their product, which is lighter, smaller, and more affordable than the previous models. eSight Go won the Best of Innovation award for the most innovative product in the Digital Health category at CES 2024, and also received the Best of CES 2024 Health Award, which was selected by a panel of judges from Engadget. It also received glowing testimonials from users and experts, who claimed it improved their vision and quality of life significantly. eSight Go is available for purchase on their website for $2,995 USD.

1. .lumen Glasses

.lumen Glasses is a headset that uses LiDAR sensors and haptic feedback to guide the visually impaired to any destination. The headset works with a smartphone app that allows the user to set a destination and get directions through vibrations on the temples. The sensors also detect obstacles and warn the user through different patterns of vibrations. The headset is designed to be a digital alternative to traditional white stick canes and guide dogs.

.lumen Glasses is developed by .lumen, a company based in Berlin, Germany. The company was founded in 2021 by a team of engineers and designers who wanted to create a device that could revolutionize the way the visually impaired and other people with low vision navigate the world. .lumen Glasses won the Best of Innovation award for the most innovative product in the Human Security for All category at CES 2024, and also received the Best of CES 2024 Innovation Award, which was selected by a panel of judges from CTA. It also received widespread acclaim and admiration from users and experts, who hailed it as a game-changer and a breakthrough for the visually impaired community. .lumen Glasses is expected to be available in the market by mid-2024, but no pricing is listed yet.

These are some of the most amazing and innovative technologies that were presented at CES 2024 for people with visual impairment. We hope you enjoyed reading this article and discovering how these products and solutions can enhance your vision and enrich your life.

If you have any comments or questions, please send your emails to: tim@lifeafterblindness.com

June 15, 2023
Tim Schwartz
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How Spoon Theory Relates to Blindness and Visual Impairment

Posted in Podcasts

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In this episode, join Tim Schwartz, along with his co-hosts Ryan Palm and Charles Hiser, as they dive into the captivating topic of the Spoon Theory and its application to the blind and visually impaired community.

Charles sets the stage by providing background information on the Spoon Theory—a metaphor created by Christine Miserandino, who herself has lupus, as a way to explain the experience of living with chronic illness or disability to others who may not understand. The trio recognizes the significance of Miserandino’s contribution and how it has resonated with countless individuals facing similar challenges.

Tim then opens up about his wife Jennifer’s experiences with back, knee, and nerve issues, illustrating how Spoon Theory profoundly relates to their daily lives.

Drawing from the original blog post, the trio explores how Spoon Theory intertwines with blindness and visual impairment. They touch upon attending NFB conventions and exhilarating concerts, shedding light on the impact of sensory overload and limited sensory input.

Throughout the episode, Ryan and Charles share their own encounters with Spoon Theory, delving into the struggles of reading print, braille, and computer screens. They discuss the importance of accessible alternatives and the role of technology in creating a more inclusive environment.

Don’t miss this candid and enlightening conversation that blends personal anecdotes with the key insights from the original blog post. Tune in to the Life After Blindness Podcast to gain a deeper understanding of Spoon Theory and its profound implications for those with limited sensory input.

If you would like to support Life After Blindness and receive exclusive perks, become a patron. You can also get in touch by emailing: tim@lifeafterblindness.com
Visual Impairment and Spoon Theory: A Metaphor for Sensory DepletionA bouquet of various sized spoons above a folded white cane
June 12, 2023
Tim Schwartz
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Visual Impairment and Spoon Theory: A Metaphor for Sensory Depletion

Posted in Blog Posts

Living with a disability or chronic illness can be a challenging experience, both physically and mentally. For people who are blind or visually impaired, navigating the world can require a significant amount of sensory input, which can be exhausting. This is where the Spoon Theory comes in – a metaphor that can help explain the experience of living with limited energy or sensory input.

What is the Spoon Theory?

The Spoon Theory was created by Christine Miserandino, who has lupus, as a way to explain the experience of living with chronic illness or disability to others who may not understand. The idea behind the Spoon Theory is that each person starts the day with a certain number of “spoons” that represent their energy or sensory input. Every time they use up a spoon, they may not have enough left to do anything else. This can be a useful way to explain the experience of living with limited energy or sensory input to others who may not understand.

How Does the Spoon Theory Apply to Blindness and Visual Impairment?

For people who are blind or visually impaired, the Spoon Theory can be applied to the limited amount of sensory input they have access to each day. Imagine that each person starts the day with a certain number of “visual spoons”, “sound spoons” and “touch spoons” that they can use to navigate the world. Every time they use their eyes, ears or hands to gather information, they use up a spoon. Once those spoons are used up, they may not have enough sensory input left to do anything else.

Here are some examples of how the Spoon Theory could apply to people who are blind or visually impaired:

•Reading: Reading is a visual task that can be challenging for people who are blind or visually impaired. Braille, large print, and audio books can be used as alternative methods of reading. However, each method requires a different type of sensory input and can use up a significant amount of sound or touch spoons.

•Using a computer: Using a computer involves a lot of visual input, but it can also involve a significant amount of sound and touch input. Screen readers and refreshable Braille displays can be used to translate visual information into audio or tactile information, but these methods also require a significant amount of sound and touch spoons.

•Cooking: Cooking involves a lot of touch input, from measuring ingredients to chopping vegetables. For a person who is blind or visually impaired, cooking can use up a significant amount of touch spoons, leaving them with less energy for other activities throughout the day.

•Watching a movie: Watching a movie involves a lot of visual input, from reading subtitles to following the action on screen. Audio descriptions can be used to describe the visual information for people who are blind or visually impaired, but these descriptions also require a significant amount of sound spoons.

•Getting dressed: For a person who is blind, getting dressed in the morning requires a significant amount of touch input. They may need to feel their clothes to determine which items match, which direction they go on, and whether they are inside out or not. This can use up a number of touch spoons, leaving them with less sensory input for other tasks throughout the day.

•Navigating a new environment: If a person who is visually impaired visits a new place, they may need to rely heavily on their hearing and touch to navigate. This can use up a lot of sound and touch spoons, leaving them with less sensory input for other tasks throughout the day.

•Participating in social activities: Social activities often require a lot of sensory input, including reading facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice. For a person who is blind or visually impaired, this can use up a significant amount of sound and touch spoons, leaving them with less energy for other activities later in the day.

Overall, the Spoon Theory can be a useful way to understand the experiences of people who are blind or visually impaired. By recognizing the limited amount of sensory input they have access to each day, we can better understand the challenges they may face and work to create more accessible and inclusive environments.

How Can We Support People with Limited Sensory Input?

There are several ways we can support people with limited sensory input, whether they are blind or visually impaired, have another disability or chronic illness, or are simply experiencing sensory overload.

Here are a few tips:

-Be patient and understanding: It can be frustrating and exhausting to constantly explain your experience to others. If you know someone who has limited sensory input, try to be patient and understanding when they need to take a break or ask for help.

-Create accessible environments: Whether it’s adding tactile markers to an environment or using audio descriptions to describe visual information, there are many ways to create more accessible environments for people with limited sensory input. Work with your community to identify areas that need improvement and advocate for more accessible and inclusive design.

-Ask for consent before providing assistance: It can be helpful to offer assistance to someone with limited sensory input, but it’s important to ask for their consent first. They may have their own methods for navigating their environment, or they may simply prefer to do things on their own. Asking for consent shows respect and allows for open communication.

-Educate yourself and others: Educating yourself and others about the experiences of people with limited sensory input can help create more understanding and empathy. Attend workshops or conferences, read books and articles, and engage in conversations with people from diverse backgrounds.

-Support accessibility initiatives: There are many organizations and initiatives working to create more accessible and inclusive environments for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. Consider supporting these initiatives through donations, volunteering, or advocacy.

The Spoon Theory is a powerful metaphor that can help us better understand the experiences of people with limited sensory input, including those who are blind or visually impaired. By recognizing the limited amount of sensory input they have access to each day, we can work to create more accessible and inclusive environments, be more patient and understanding, and support initiatives that promote accessibility and inclusion. Remember, we all have a limited number of “spoons” each day – let’s use them wisely and support each other along the way.

If you would like to support Life After Blindness and receive exclusive perks, become a patron. You can also get in touch by emailing: tim@lifeafterblindness.com
Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD): Celebrating Inclusion and Shaping the FutureLogo for Global Accessibility awareness Day
May 19, 2023
Tim Schwartz
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Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD): Celebrating Inclusion and Shaping the Future

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Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD), is where we celebrate the significance of accessibility and inclusion for individuals with disabilities. GAAD serves as a catalyst for change, raising awareness, promoting acceptance, and driving advancements in technology, laws, and regulations. In this article, we will delve into the history and growth of GAAD, its impact on public and corporate acceptance, its influence on technology, laws, and regulations, and most importantly, its profound effect on the daily lives of individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, we will explore how recognizing GAAD shapes the future of accessibility and paves the way for a more inclusive world.

On Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD), individuals, organizations, and communities come together to celebrate and raise awareness about the importance of accessibility and inclusion for individuals with disabilities. GAAD originated in 2011 when two passionate individuals, Joe Devon and Jennison Asuncion, recognized the need for a dedicated day to promote digital accessibility. Since then, GAAD has gained international recognition and momentum, with participation and activities growing each year.

One significant outcome of GAAD is the increased public and corporate acceptance of accessibility as a fundamental human right. The awareness generated by GAAD has encouraged businesses and organizations to prioritize accessibility in their products, services, and environments. This inclusive approach not only benefits individuals with disabilities but also expands their customer base and improves overall user experience. Many organizations now actively participate in GAAD initiatives, organizing workshops, webinars, and accessibility challenges to demonstrate their commitment to accessibility. Companies like Apple and Microsoft showcase their dedication to accessibility on GAAD, hosting events, launching new accessibility features, and sharing inspiring stories of individuals using their products to overcome barriers.

GAAD has had a profound impact on the development of accessible technology. Companies have recognized the importance of incorporating accessibility features into their software, websites, and applications. This ensures that individuals with disabilities can fully engage and participate in the digital world. Assistive technologies, such as screen readers, voice assistants, and alternative input methods, have become more sophisticated and widely available, empowering individuals with disabilities to navigate and interact with technology seamlessly. Microsoft’s inclusive design initiatives exemplify their commitment to accessibility, integrating accessibility features into products like Windows, Office 365, and Xbox.

Furthermore, GAAD has influenced the development and enforcement of laws and regulations related to accessibility. Governments have taken action to ensure equal access and rights for individuals with disabilities, establishing accessibility standards, guidelines, and mandates in various sectors. GAAD serves as a platform to engage with policymakers, promote dialogue, and advocate for stronger accessibility legislation. The development of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is an example of GAAD’s impact. WCAG, an internationally recognized standard for web accessibility, was crafted with the involvement of the accessibility community and serves as a reference for organizations worldwide.

The true impact of GAAD can be felt in the daily lives of individuals with disabilities. GAAD fosters a more inclusive and accessible society by promoting awareness and understanding, reducing stigma and barriers. In education, GAAD advocates for accessible learning materials, technologies, and facilities. It raises awareness among educators, administrators, and policymakers about accommodating diverse learning needs. Employment opportunities have also increased due to GAAD’s influence, as it encourages inclusive hiring practices, reasonable accommodations, and accessible work environments. GAAD promotes social inclusion by emphasizing the importance of accessible public spaces, transportation, and communication, enabling individuals with disabilities to actively participate in social activities and connect with others. Additionally, GAAD highlights the significance of accessibility in cultural and recreational activities, encouraging establishments to provide accommodations such as audio descriptions, captioning, and accessible seating.

Recognizing GAAD is not only about celebrating the present but also shaping the future of accessibility. It inspires ongoing efforts to break down barriers and advance inclusion in all aspects of society. GAAD stimulates technological innovations by encouraging developers, designers, and engineers to prioritize accessibility features and consider diverse user needs. Collaboration and knowledge sharing thrive through GAAD, creating a global network of accessibility advocates, experts, and organizations. Policy development is influenced by GAAD, promoting the creation of inclusive policies that prioritize accessibility. Ultimately, GAAD challenges societal attitudes and perceptions about disability, promoting empathy, understanding, and acceptance.

GAAD is a significant event that raises awareness, fosters acceptance, and drives advancements in accessibility. Its history, growth, impact on public and corporate acceptance, influence on technology, laws, and regulations , and profound effect on the daily lives of individuals with disabilities shape the future of accessibility. By recognizing and participating in GAAD, we contribute to building a more inclusive world where everyone can thrive, regardless of their abilities.

Understanding the Differences Between Blindness and Visual Impairment.An illustration of a brown haired, bearded man who is blind that is walking with a yellow lab guide dog. He is wearing sunglasses while grasping the dog's harness in his left hand while holding a white cane in his right.
May 13, 2023
Tim Schwartz
One Comment

Understanding the Differences Between Blindness and Visual Impairment.

Posted in Blog Posts

Understanding the differences between blindness and visual impairment is crucial in order to properly provide support and resources for those who have these conditions. While both blindness and visual impairment involve a decreased ability to see, blindness refers to a complete or near-complete loss of vision while visual impairment is a reduced ability to see, even with correction. This article explains the differences between these two conditions, the causes of vision loss, and the impact on daily life. It also provides information on resources and support available for those affected by blindness and visual impairment, including assistive technology, rehabilitation programs, and advocacy groups. With over 2.2 billion people globally having a near or distance vision impairment, it is important to understand these differences to provide the necessary assistance to those affected.

Blindness vs Visual Impairment: Understanding the Differences

Blindness and visual impairment are two related but distinct conditions. Blindness is a complete or nearly complete loss of vision, while visual impairment refers to a decreased ability to see, even with correction. The differences between blindness and visual impairment can be seen in the extent of the vision loss, the causes of the loss, and the impact on daily life

Extent of Vision Loss: How Blindness and Visual Impairment Differ

The extent of vision loss is the most obvious difference between blindness and visual impairment. Blindness is defined as a visual acuity of less than 20/200 in the better eye with the use of corrective lenses, while visual impairment is a visual acuity of 20/70 or less in the better eye with the use of corrective lenses. This means that a person who is blind has such severe vision loss that they are unable to perform many daily tasks, such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces. In contrast, a person with visual impairment still has some residual vision and may be able to perform some daily tasks with the use of visual aids or assistive technology.

Causes of Vision Loss: What Leads to Blindness and Visual Impairment

The causes of vision loss also differ between blindness and visual impairment. Blindness can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, traumatic injuries, eye diseases such as cataracts or glaucoma, and diseases that affect the entire body, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis. Visual impairment can also be caused by these same factors, but it can also be caused by more minor vision problems, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, that can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.

Global Impact of Vision Impairment: A Look at the Numbers

The World Health Organization (WHO), estimates that at least 2.2 billion people globally have a near or distance vision impairment. In at least 1 billion – or almost half – of these cases, vision impairment could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed.

According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), approximately 12 million people 40 years and over in the United States have vision impairment, including 1 million who are blind, 3 million who have vision impairment after correction, and 8 million who have vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error. Additionally, the CDC estimates that 6.8% of children younger than 18 years in the United States have a diagnosed eye and vision condition. Nearly 3 percent of children younger than 18 years are blind or visually impaired, defined as having trouble seeing even when wearing glasses or contact lenses.

Impact on Daily Life: How Blindness and Visual Impairment Affect Everyday Tasks

The impact of blindness and visual impairment on daily life can also differ. Blindness can have a profound impact on a person’s life, making many everyday tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, or navigating unfamiliar environments challenging. People who are blind can do many things independently, however they may require assistance from family members, friends, or paid caregivers to perform daily tasks. A person who is blind may also require mobility aids such as a white cane or guide dog to navigate unfamiliar environments.

Alternatively, a person with a visual impairment may find some tasks more difficult, but with the use of visual aids or assistive technology, many people with visual impairment are able to live independently and perform daily tasks with minimal assistance. However, visual impairment can still have a significant impact on daily life, particularly for older adults who may have trouble reading medication labels, seeing road signs, or performing other tasks.

Support and Resources for Individuals with Vision Loss

The impact of blindness and visual impairment can also extend to personal relationships and work life where it can affect their psychological and social well-being. A person who is blind or visually impaired may experience feelings of isolation, depression, or anxiety, and may have trouble forming and maintaining relationships with others. They may also face stigma and discrimination in the workplace and in their communities, which can limit their opportunities and negatively impact their quality of life.

There are various organizations and resources available to support individuals with blindness and visual impairment. These resources include rehabilitation programs, support groups, and assistive technology. Rehabilitation programs provide individuals with training and support to help them learn new skills and adjust to their blindness or visual impairment. Support groups offer a safe and supportive environment for individuals to connect with others who are facing similar challenges.

Assistive Technology: Tools to Help Individuals with Vision Loss

Assistive technology can help individuals with blindness or visual impairment complete tasks and engage in activities they enjoy, such as reading, writing, or using a computer.

Examples of assistive technology include screen readers, magnifiers, and Braille displays. Screen readers are software programs that convert text on a computer screen into spoken words, making it easier for individuals with visual impairment to access and use computers. Magnifiers are devices that enlarge text and images, making it easier for individuals with visual impairment to see. Braille displays are devices that allow individuals who are blind to access and interact with a computer using Braille, a system of raised dots that can be felt and read by touch.

Advocacy and Empowerment: Organizations Supporting Individuals with Vision Loss

In addition, there are organizations and advocacy groups, such as the National Federation of the Blind and the American Council of the Blind, that work to support and empower individuals with blindness and visual impairment. These organizations provide resources, advocacy, and support to individuals and families affected by blindness and visual impairment. They also work to promote policies and programs that support individuals with visual impairment and to raise awareness about the challenges faced by individuals with blindness and visual impairment.

Blindness and visual impairment are related but distinct conditions that differ in their extent of vision loss, causes, and impact on daily life. Both conditions can have a significant impact on a person’s physical and psychological well-being, but with proper support and accommodations, people who are blind or visually impaired can live fulfilling and productive lives.

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